FLASH memory

Device and Purpose

Device	MAJOR	MINOR	Purpose
/dev/fl0	250	0	For save configuration. conf_save.tar.gz is written in by as_flash.
/dev/fl1	250	1	Firmware. firmimg.bin is held as it is.
/dev/fl2	250	2	Loader.
/dev/fl3	250	3	Status of boot from hard drive or not. It does not exist in the HD-LAN.
/dev/fl4	250	4	fl1, fl2, fl3, and fl0 look all in this order. It exists only in HD-HLAN 1.40 and later, and HGLAN 1.12 and later.

Device, physical address and size

	HD-LAN V1		HD-H*LAN,KURO-BOX
Device	Start	Size	End	Size
/dev/fl0	0xFFF80000	512KB	0xFFF80000	512KB
/dev/fl1	0xFF000000	15MB	0xFFC00000	3MB
/dev/fl2	0xFFF00000	512KB	0xFFF00000	448KB
/dev/fl3	-	-	0xFFF70000	64KB
/dev/fl4	-	-	0xFFC00000	4MB

Make device

When /dev/fl0 - /dev/fl4 do not exist, create them by mknod.

# mknod /dev/fl0 b 250 0
# mknod /dev/fl1 b 250 1
# mknod /dev/fl2 b 250 2
# mknod /dev/fl3 b 250 3
# mknod /dev/fl4 b 250 4

/dev/fl0 : To save configuration

You can get configuration files like

linkstation# as_flash /dev/fl0 get -n /tmp/conf_save.tar.gz --output /tmp/conf_save.tar.gz

files in conf_save.tar.gz

In case of LinkStation HD-HLAN 1.30,

etc/network/interfaces
etc/samba/
etc/samba/smbusers
etc/samba/smb.conf
etc/samba/lmhosts
etc/samba/smbpasswd
etc/samba/secrets.tdb
etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
etc/samba/smb.conf.tmp
etc/atalk/
etc/atalk/atalkd.conf
etc/atalk/AppleVolumes.default
etc/atalk/AppleVolumes.system
etc/atalk/afpd.conf
etc/atalk/config
etc/atalk/papd.conf
etc/atalk/lw2ntx.ppd
etc/atalk/nls/
etc/atalk/nls/maccode.437
etc/atalk/nls/maccode.850
etc/atalk/nls/maccode.iso8859-1
etc/atalk/nls/maccode.iso8859-1.adapted
etc/atalk/config.papd
etc/melco/
etc/melco/timer_sleep
etc/melco/timer_backup
etc/melco/timer_backup.cron
etc/melco/timer_status
etc/melco/pass
etc/melco/info
etc/melco/shareinfo
etc/melco/usercount
etc/melco/userinfo
etc/melco/printer
etc/melco/groupinfo
etc/melco/info.bak
etc/melco/shareinfo.bak
etc/melco/pass.bak
etc/passwd
etc/group
etc/hosts
www/.htpasswd
www/cgi-bin/.htpasswd
www/script/.htpasswd
etc/ap_servd.log
etc/printcap
etc/crontab

/usr/bin/as_flash

The command which accesses a flash memory.

Initialization.

/usr/bin/as_flash /dev/fl0 init

Get.

/usr/bin/as_flash /dev/fl0 get -n filename --output outfilename

Add.

/usr/bin/as_flash /dev/fl0 add -n filename

List.

/usr/bin/as_flash /dev/fl0 list

/dev/fl1 : Kernel, RAM DISK IMAGE

firmimg.bin is held as it is.
It has 3 parts.

The header part created from firminfo.txt (108 bytes)

vmlinux.gz

ramdisk.image.gz

Header

Define with include/melco/firminfo.h of kernel source.

offset (0 orig.)	size	content	LAN 1.23aβ	LAN 1.24a	LAN 2.13a	HLAN 1.3x	HLAN 1.40	HLAN 1.41	HGLAN 1.10	HGLAN 1.12	KURO-BOX 1.00	KURO-BOX 1.02
0	4	Version. From version field of firminfo.txt.	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0001
4	4	Firmware ID. From ID field of firminfo.txt.	0000 0001	0000 0001	0000 0002	0000 0003	0000 0003	0000 0003	0000 0004	0000 0004	0000 1001	0000 1001
8	32	Firmware NAME. From name field of firminfo.txt. Padding with 0x00.	"HD-LAN"	"HD-LAN(IEYASU)"	"HD-LAN(IEYASU)"	"HD-HLAN(PLUS)"	"HD-HLAN(HIDETADA)"	"HD-HLAN(HIDETADA)"	"HD-HGLAN(IEMITSU)"	"HD-HGLAN(IEMITSU)"	"KURO-BOX(IETSUNA)"	"KURO-BOX(IETSUNA)"
40	32	Sub version Padding with 0x00.	"FLASH 1.0(SJIS)"	"FLASH 2.0(SJIS)"	"FLASH 1.1"	"FLASH 2.2"	"FLASH 1.2"	"FLASH 1.2"	"FLASH 2.0"	"FLASH 1.3"	"FLASH 1.1"	"FLASH 1.1"
72	2	Major Version.	0001	0001	0002	0001	0001	0001	0001	0001	0001	0001
74	2	Minor Version	0017	0018	000d	0002	0003	0004	0003	0004	0000	0002
76	2	Build No.	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000
78	6	Build date.(Year-1900, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Second)	6805 0a0b 1801	6805 190a 2a20	6805 1215 1613	6709 0911 1b1c	6803 050e 2522	6804 0816 1b18	6803 1810 3115	6804 0815 352e	6802 0910 1e2a	6804 100b 2e29
84	4	size of firmimg.bin	0070 8c64	006f 763c	002e 96bb	002d e1f7	002d eda2	002c ba83	002f 7ec1	002e 1413	002d a21b	002b 713a
88	4	sum	9769 78dd	da73 f794	d83a 6a1a	190e c22b	1010 9b52	7e05 0f7d	ecfe 7c13	7c88 b0cb	320d 8c9f	4c20 6901
92	4	offset of vmlinux.gz *1	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)	0000 006c (108)
96	4	size of vmlinux.gz *2	000b c0a7 (770215)	000b c0a7 (770215)	000b 8ede (757470)	000b c9f4 (772596)	000c cb05 (838405)	000c cbaf (838575)	000e 25be (927166)	000e 25ca (927178)	000a f8b5 (719029)	000a fa87 (719495)
100	4	offset of ramdisk.image.gz *3	000b c113 (770323)	000b c113 (770323)	000b 8f4a (757578)	000b ca60 (772704)	000c cb71 (838513)	000c cc1b (838683)	000e 262a (927274)	000e 2636 (927286)	000a f921 (719137)	000a faf3 (719603)
104	4	size of ramdisk.image.gz *4	0064 cb51 (6605649)	0063 b529 (6534441)	0023 0771 (2295665)	0022 1797 (2234263)	0021 2231 (2171441)	001f ee68 (2092648)	0021 5897 (2185367)	001f eddd (2092509)	0022 a8fa (2271482)	0020 7647 (2127431)
*1	*2	vmlinux.gz
*3	*4	ramdisk.image.gz

vmlinux.gz

Linux Kernel.

ramdisk.image.gz

With the HD-LAN, it becomes the root file system.
With the HD-H*LAN and the KURO-BOX, it becomes the root file system when the firmware does not installed.

/dev/fl2 : Loader

bootcode.bin created by "make zImage"

/dev/fl3 : boot status

Normally

# od -xc /dev/fl3
0000000 4f4b 4f4b 4f4b 4f4b 4f4b 4f4b 4f4b 4f4b
          O   K   O   K   O   K   O   K   O   K   O   K   O   K   O   K
*
0000400 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff
        377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377
*
0200000

In case of hard drive problem

# od -xc /dev/fl3
0000000 4e47 4e47 4e47 4e47 4e47 4e47 4e47 4e47
          N   G   N   G   N   G   N   G   N   G   N   G   N   G   N   G
*
0000400 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff
        377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377 377
*
0200000

/usr/bin/write_ng is command to write NGNGNG... to /dev/fl3
/usr/bin/write_ok is command to write OKOKOK... to /dev/fl3

Why don't you hack the LinkStation/KURO-BOX